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jnj 55308942  (MedChemExpress)


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    MedChemExpress jnj 55308942
    Meningeal stromal cell‐derived IL‐33 and ATP coordinate antiviral defense. A) Maximal intensity projection of dural meninges stained for stromal cells (green), IL‐33 (red), LCMV (white) and nuclei (blue) at 6 dpi. Scale bar, 2000 µm (left, whole mount); 100 µm (right). n = 6 (mice). B) The density of meningeal IL‐33 + stromal cells (A). n = 20 (clusters, from 6 mice). C–H) Primary meningeal stromal cells were cultured. C) Staining of IL‐33 (red), nuclei (blue), and LCMV (white) post LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 6–7 (views). D) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells (C). E) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), LCMV, LCMV + 2‐APB at 1 dpi. MOI = 1:1. n = 25‐28 (views). F) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), or ionomycin + PMA for 1 day. n = 24‐36 (views). G) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes at 1 dpi. MOI = 2:1. n = 3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). H) The extracellular ATP level after LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. n = 2‐3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). I) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in PCMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with conditioned medium from virus‐infected stromal cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 75–275 (cells). J) Quantification of (I). K) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in BMMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with IL‐33, ATP, or ionomycin + PMA. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 156‐356 (cells). L) Quantification of (K). M) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in the meninges from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice with the stimulation of ATP ex vivo . Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 33 (cells). N) Quantification of (M). O) Meningeal immune cell subset counts treated with ATP receptor antagonist (AZD9056, JNJ55308942, suramin sodium salt) at 6 dpi. n = 7–8 (mice). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and p values were calculated by two‐tailed, paired Student's t ‐test (B), two‐tailed, unpaired Student's t ‐test (D–F, H, O), Wald test from DESeq2 (G).
    Jnj 55308942, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 2 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    1) Product Images from "Stromal Cell‐Mast Cell Communication Orchestrates Anti‐Viral Immunity in the Meninges"

    Article Title: Stromal Cell‐Mast Cell Communication Orchestrates Anti‐Viral Immunity in the Meninges

    Journal: Advanced Science

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202514842

    Meningeal stromal cell‐derived IL‐33 and ATP coordinate antiviral defense. A) Maximal intensity projection of dural meninges stained for stromal cells (green), IL‐33 (red), LCMV (white) and nuclei (blue) at 6 dpi. Scale bar, 2000 µm (left, whole mount); 100 µm (right). n = 6 (mice). B) The density of meningeal IL‐33 + stromal cells (A). n = 20 (clusters, from 6 mice). C–H) Primary meningeal stromal cells were cultured. C) Staining of IL‐33 (red), nuclei (blue), and LCMV (white) post LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 6–7 (views). D) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells (C). E) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), LCMV, LCMV + 2‐APB at 1 dpi. MOI = 1:1. n = 25‐28 (views). F) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), or ionomycin + PMA for 1 day. n = 24‐36 (views). G) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes at 1 dpi. MOI = 2:1. n = 3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). H) The extracellular ATP level after LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. n = 2‐3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). I) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in PCMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with conditioned medium from virus‐infected stromal cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 75–275 (cells). J) Quantification of (I). K) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in BMMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with IL‐33, ATP, or ionomycin + PMA. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 156‐356 (cells). L) Quantification of (K). M) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in the meninges from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice with the stimulation of ATP ex vivo . Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 33 (cells). N) Quantification of (M). O) Meningeal immune cell subset counts treated with ATP receptor antagonist (AZD9056, JNJ55308942, suramin sodium salt) at 6 dpi. n = 7–8 (mice). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and p values were calculated by two‐tailed, paired Student's t ‐test (B), two‐tailed, unpaired Student's t ‐test (D–F, H, O), Wald test from DESeq2 (G).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Meningeal stromal cell‐derived IL‐33 and ATP coordinate antiviral defense. A) Maximal intensity projection of dural meninges stained for stromal cells (green), IL‐33 (red), LCMV (white) and nuclei (blue) at 6 dpi. Scale bar, 2000 µm (left, whole mount); 100 µm (right). n = 6 (mice). B) The density of meningeal IL‐33 + stromal cells (A). n = 20 (clusters, from 6 mice). C–H) Primary meningeal stromal cells were cultured. C) Staining of IL‐33 (red), nuclei (blue), and LCMV (white) post LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 6–7 (views). D) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells (C). E) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), LCMV, LCMV + 2‐APB at 1 dpi. MOI = 1:1. n = 25‐28 (views). F) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), or ionomycin + PMA for 1 day. n = 24‐36 (views). G) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes at 1 dpi. MOI = 2:1. n = 3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). H) The extracellular ATP level after LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. n = 2‐3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). I) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in PCMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with conditioned medium from virus‐infected stromal cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 75–275 (cells). J) Quantification of (I). K) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in BMMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with IL‐33, ATP, or ionomycin + PMA. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 156‐356 (cells). L) Quantification of (K). M) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in the meninges from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice with the stimulation of ATP ex vivo . Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 33 (cells). N) Quantification of (M). O) Meningeal immune cell subset counts treated with ATP receptor antagonist (AZD9056, JNJ55308942, suramin sodium salt) at 6 dpi. n = 7–8 (mice). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and p values were calculated by two‐tailed, paired Student's t ‐test (B), two‐tailed, unpaired Student's t ‐test (D–F, H, O), Wald test from DESeq2 (G).

    Techniques Used: Derivative Assay, Staining, Cell Culture, Infection, Live Cell Imaging, Virus, Ex Vivo, Two Tailed Test



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    Meningeal stromal cell‐derived IL‐33 and ATP coordinate antiviral defense. A) Maximal intensity projection of dural meninges stained for stromal cells (green), IL‐33 (red), LCMV (white) and nuclei (blue) at 6 dpi. Scale bar, 2000 µm (left, whole mount); 100 µm (right). n = 6 (mice). B) The density of meningeal IL‐33 + stromal cells (A). n = 20 (clusters, from 6 mice). C–H) Primary meningeal stromal cells were cultured. C) Staining of IL‐33 (red), nuclei (blue), and LCMV (white) post LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 6–7 (views). D) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells (C). E) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), LCMV, LCMV + 2‐APB at 1 dpi. MOI = 1:1. n = 25‐28 (views). F) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), or ionomycin + PMA for 1 day. n = 24‐36 (views). G) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes at 1 dpi. MOI = 2:1. n = 3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). H) The extracellular ATP level after LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. n = 2‐3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). I) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in PCMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with conditioned medium from virus‐infected stromal cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 75–275 (cells). J) Quantification of (I). K) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in BMMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with IL‐33, ATP, or ionomycin + PMA. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 156‐356 (cells). L) Quantification of (K). M) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in the meninges from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice with the stimulation of ATP ex vivo . Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 33 (cells). N) Quantification of (M). O) Meningeal immune cell subset counts treated with ATP receptor antagonist (AZD9056, JNJ55308942, suramin sodium salt) at 6 dpi. n = 7–8 (mice). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and p values were calculated by two‐tailed, paired Student's t ‐test (B), two‐tailed, unpaired Student's t ‐test (D–F, H, O), Wald test from DESeq2 (G).
    Jnj 55308942, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Meningeal stromal cell‐derived IL‐33 and ATP coordinate antiviral defense. A) Maximal intensity projection of dural meninges stained for stromal cells (green), IL‐33 (red), LCMV (white) and nuclei (blue) at 6 dpi. Scale bar, 2000 µm (left, whole mount); 100 µm (right). n = 6 (mice). B) The density of meningeal IL‐33 + stromal cells (A). n = 20 (clusters, from 6 mice). C–H) Primary meningeal stromal cells were cultured. C) Staining of IL‐33 (red), nuclei (blue), and LCMV (white) post LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 6–7 (views). D) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells (C). E) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), LCMV, LCMV + 2‐APB at 1 dpi. MOI = 1:1. n = 25‐28 (views). F) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), or ionomycin + PMA for 1 day. n = 24‐36 (views). G) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes at 1 dpi. MOI = 2:1. n = 3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). H) The extracellular ATP level after LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. n = 2‐3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). I) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in PCMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with conditioned medium from virus‐infected stromal cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 75–275 (cells). J) Quantification of (I). K) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in BMMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with IL‐33, ATP, or ionomycin + PMA. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 156‐356 (cells). L) Quantification of (K). M) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in the meninges from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice with the stimulation of ATP ex vivo . Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 33 (cells). N) Quantification of (M). O) Meningeal immune cell subset counts treated with ATP receptor antagonist (AZD9056, JNJ55308942, suramin sodium salt) at 6 dpi. n = 7–8 (mice). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and p values were calculated by two‐tailed, paired Student's t ‐test (B), two‐tailed, unpaired Student's t ‐test (D–F, H, O), Wald test from DESeq2 (G).
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    Meningeal stromal cell‐derived IL‐33 and ATP coordinate antiviral defense. A) Maximal intensity projection of dural meninges stained for stromal cells (green), IL‐33 (red), LCMV (white) and nuclei (blue) at 6 dpi. Scale bar, 2000 µm (left, whole mount); 100 µm (right). n = 6 (mice). B) The density of meningeal IL‐33 + stromal cells (A). n = 20 (clusters, from 6 mice). C–H) Primary meningeal stromal cells were cultured. C) Staining of IL‐33 (red), nuclei (blue), and LCMV (white) post LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 6–7 (views). D) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells (C). E) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), LCMV, LCMV + 2‐APB at 1 dpi. MOI = 1:1. n = 25‐28 (views). F) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), or ionomycin + PMA for 1 day. n = 24‐36 (views). G) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes at 1 dpi. MOI = 2:1. n = 3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). H) The extracellular ATP level after LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. n = 2‐3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). I) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in PCMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with conditioned medium from virus‐infected stromal cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 75–275 (cells). J) Quantification of (I). K) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in BMMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with IL‐33, ATP, or ionomycin + PMA. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 156‐356 (cells). L) Quantification of (K). M) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in the meninges from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice with the stimulation of ATP ex vivo . Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 33 (cells). N) Quantification of (M). O) Meningeal immune cell subset counts treated with ATP receptor antagonist (AZD9056, JNJ55308942, suramin sodium salt) at 6 dpi. n = 7–8 (mice). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and p values were calculated by two‐tailed, paired Student's t ‐test (B), two‐tailed, unpaired Student's t ‐test (D–F, H, O), Wald test from DESeq2 (G).
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    Meningeal stromal cell‐derived IL‐33 and ATP coordinate antiviral defense. A) Maximal intensity projection of dural meninges stained for stromal cells (green), IL‐33 (red), LCMV (white) and nuclei (blue) at 6 dpi. Scale bar, 2000 µm (left, whole mount); 100 µm (right). n = 6 (mice). B) The density of meningeal IL‐33 + stromal cells (A). n = 20 (clusters, from 6 mice). C–H) Primary meningeal stromal cells were cultured. C) Staining of IL‐33 (red), nuclei (blue), and LCMV (white) post LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 6–7 (views). D) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells (C). E) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), LCMV, LCMV + 2‐APB at 1 dpi. MOI = 1:1. n = 25‐28 (views). F) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), or ionomycin + PMA for 1 day. n = 24‐36 (views). G) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes at 1 dpi. MOI = 2:1. n = 3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). H) The extracellular ATP level after LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. n = 2‐3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). I) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in PCMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with conditioned medium from virus‐infected stromal cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 75–275 (cells). J) Quantification of (I). K) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in BMMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with IL‐33, ATP, or ionomycin + PMA. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 156‐356 (cells). L) Quantification of (K). M) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in the meninges from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice with the stimulation of ATP ex vivo . Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 33 (cells). N) Quantification of (M). O) Meningeal immune cell subset counts treated with ATP receptor antagonist (AZD9056, JNJ55308942, suramin sodium salt) at 6 dpi. n = 7–8 (mice). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and p values were calculated by two‐tailed, paired Student's t ‐test (B), two‐tailed, unpaired Student's t ‐test (D–F, H, O), Wald test from DESeq2 (G).
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    Meningeal stromal cell‐derived IL‐33 and ATP coordinate antiviral defense. A) Maximal intensity projection of dural meninges stained for stromal cells (green), IL‐33 (red), LCMV (white) and nuclei (blue) at 6 dpi. Scale bar, 2000 µm (left, whole mount); 100 µm (right). n = 6 (mice). B) The density of meningeal IL‐33 + stromal cells (A). n = 20 (clusters, from 6 mice). C–H) Primary meningeal stromal cells were cultured. C) Staining of IL‐33 (red), nuclei (blue), and LCMV (white) post LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 6–7 (views). D) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells (C). E) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), LCMV, LCMV + 2‐APB at 1 dpi. MOI = 1:1. n = 25‐28 (views). F) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), or ionomycin + PMA for 1 day. n = 24‐36 (views). G) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes at 1 dpi. MOI = 2:1. n = 3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). H) The extracellular ATP level after LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. n = 2‐3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). I) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in PCMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with conditioned medium from virus‐infected stromal cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 75–275 (cells). J) Quantification of (I). K) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in BMMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with IL‐33, ATP, or ionomycin + PMA. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 156‐356 (cells). L) Quantification of (K). M) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in the meninges from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice with the stimulation of ATP ex vivo . Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 33 (cells). N) Quantification of (M). O) Meningeal immune cell subset counts treated with ATP receptor antagonist (AZD9056, JNJ55308942, suramin sodium salt) at 6 dpi. n = 7–8 (mice). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and p values were calculated by two‐tailed, paired Student's t ‐test (B), two‐tailed, unpaired Student's t ‐test (D–F, H, O), Wald test from DESeq2 (G).
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    Meningeal stromal cell‐derived IL‐33 and ATP coordinate antiviral defense. A) Maximal intensity projection of dural meninges stained for stromal cells (green), IL‐33 (red), LCMV (white) and nuclei (blue) at 6 dpi. Scale bar, 2000 µm (left, whole mount); 100 µm (right). n = 6 (mice). B) The density of meningeal IL‐33 + stromal cells (A). n = 20 (clusters, from 6 mice). C–H) Primary meningeal stromal cells were cultured. C) Staining of IL‐33 (red), nuclei (blue), and LCMV (white) post LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 6–7 (views). D) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells (C). E) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), LCMV, LCMV + 2‐APB at 1 dpi. MOI = 1:1. n = 25‐28 (views). F) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), or ionomycin + PMA for 1 day. n = 24‐36 (views). G) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes at 1 dpi. MOI = 2:1. n = 3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). H) The extracellular ATP level after LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. n = 2‐3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). I) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in PCMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with conditioned medium from virus‐infected stromal cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 75–275 (cells). J) Quantification of (I). K) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in BMMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with IL‐33, ATP, or ionomycin + PMA. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 156‐356 (cells). L) Quantification of (K). M) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in the meninges from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice with the stimulation of ATP ex vivo . Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 33 (cells). N) Quantification of (M). O) Meningeal immune cell subset counts treated with ATP receptor antagonist (AZD9056, JNJ55308942, suramin sodium salt) at 6 dpi. n = 7–8 (mice). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and p values were calculated by two‐tailed, paired Student's t ‐test (B), two‐tailed, unpaired Student's t ‐test (D–F, H, O), Wald test from DESeq2 (G).

    Journal: Advanced Science

    Article Title: Stromal Cell‐Mast Cell Communication Orchestrates Anti‐Viral Immunity in the Meninges

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202514842

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Meningeal stromal cell‐derived IL‐33 and ATP coordinate antiviral defense. A) Maximal intensity projection of dural meninges stained for stromal cells (green), IL‐33 (red), LCMV (white) and nuclei (blue) at 6 dpi. Scale bar, 2000 µm (left, whole mount); 100 µm (right). n = 6 (mice). B) The density of meningeal IL‐33 + stromal cells (A). n = 20 (clusters, from 6 mice). C–H) Primary meningeal stromal cells were cultured. C) Staining of IL‐33 (red), nuclei (blue), and LCMV (white) post LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 6–7 (views). D) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells (C). E) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), LCMV, LCMV + 2‐APB at 1 dpi. MOI = 1:1. n = 25‐28 (views). F) The percentage of IL‐33 high cells treated with medium alone (NC), or ionomycin + PMA for 1 day. n = 24‐36 (views). G) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes at 1 dpi. MOI = 2:1. n = 3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). H) The extracellular ATP level after LCMV infection. MOI = 2:1. n = 2‐3 (wells, each well from 2 mice). I) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in PCMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with conditioned medium from virus‐infected stromal cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 75–275 (cells). J) Quantification of (I). K) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in BMMCs from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice stimulated with IL‐33, ATP, or ionomycin + PMA. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 156‐356 (cells). L) Quantification of (K). M) Live cell imaging of calcium flux in the meninges from Tpsb2‐CreERT2; Ai162 fl/+ mice with the stimulation of ATP ex vivo . Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 33 (cells). N) Quantification of (M). O) Meningeal immune cell subset counts treated with ATP receptor antagonist (AZD9056, JNJ55308942, suramin sodium salt) at 6 dpi. n = 7–8 (mice). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and p values were calculated by two‐tailed, paired Student's t ‐test (B), two‐tailed, unpaired Student's t ‐test (D–F, H, O), Wald test from DESeq2 (G).

    Article Snippet: For ATP receptor blockade experiments, mice received intraperitoneal injections of 12.5 mg kg −1 AZD9056 (MCE, HY‐19427A), 12.5 mg kg −1 JNJ‐55308942 (MCE, HY‐123857), or 20 mg kg −1 suramin (MCE, HY‐B0879A) on days 1, 3, and 5 post‐infection.

    Techniques: Derivative Assay, Staining, Cell Culture, Infection, Live Cell Imaging, Virus, Ex Vivo, Two Tailed Test